ls - List files, show directory, in alphabetical order
logout - Logs off system
mkdir - Make a directory. Make Directory. Example: mkdir /tmp/myfiles/
rmdir - Remove Directory (rm -r to delete folders with files). Remove Directory. Example: rmdir /tmp/myfiles/
rm - Remove files. Delete a file. Example: rm /tmp/mp3files.txt
cd - Change current directory. “Change Directory”. When typed all by itself, it returns you to your home directory.
man - Shows help on a specific command
pico - Easy to use text editor to edit files. Just like vi
more - Views a file, pausing every screenful
telnet - Connect to another Internet site
ftp - Connects to a FTP site
lynx - A textual World Wide Web browser
chsh - change the shell you log into
grep - search for a string in a file
tail - Display the last few lines of a text file. Example: tail /etc/services
who - shows who is logged into the local system
w - shows who is logged on and what they're doing
df - shows disk space available on the system
du - shows how much disk space is being used up by folders
chmod - changes permissions on a file
gzip - best compression for UNIX files
zip - zip for files
tar - combines multiple files into one or vice-versa
pwd - “Print Working Directory”. Shows the current location in the directory tree.
file - Find out what kind of file it is. For example, “file /bin/ls” tells us that it is a Linux executable file.
cat - Display the contents of a text file on the screen. For example: cat mp3files.txt would display the file we created in the previous section.
head - Display the first few lines of a text file. Example: head /etc/services
cp - Copies a file from one location to another. Example: cp mp3files.txt /tmp (copies the mp3files.txt file to the /tmp directory)
mv - Moves a file to a new location, or renames it.
ps - Lists currently running process (programs).
id - Print your user-id and group id's
top - Displays CPU processes in a full-screen GUI. A great way to see the activity on your computer in real-time. Type “Q” to quit.
free - Displays amount of free and used memory in the system.
clear - Clear the screen
echo - Display text on the screen. Mostly useful when writing shell scripts. For example: echo “Hello World”
grep - Search for a pattern in a file or program output.
sort - Sort a file or program output. Example: sort mp3files.txt
nl - Display file contents with line numbers
ln - Link files
less - Page through files
od - View binary data
xxd - View binary data
gv - View Postscript/PDF files
xdvi - View TeX DVI files
emacs - Text editor
vim - Text editor
umask - Set default file protections
soffice - Edit Word/Excel/PowerPoint docs
abiword - Edit Word documents
gnumeric - Edit Excel documents
stat - Display file attributes
wc - Count bytes/words/lines
touch - Change file timestamps
chgrp - Change file group
chattr - Change advanced file attributes
lsattr - List advanced file attributes
find - Locate files
slocate - Locate files via index
which - Locate commands
whereis - Locate standard files
grep - Search text for matching lines
cut - Extract columns
paste - Append columns
tr - Translate characters
sort - Sort lines
uniq - Locate identical lines
tee - Copy stdin to a file andto stdout simultaneously
gzip - Compress files
compress - Compress files (Unix)
bzip2 - Compress files (BZip2)
zip - Compress files (Windows Zip)
diff - Compare files line by line
comm - Compare sorted files
cmp - Compare files byte by byte
md5sum - Compute checksums
df - Show free disk space
mount - Make a disk accessible
fsck - Check a disk for errors
sync - Flush disk caches
mt - Control a tape drive
dump - Back up a disk
restore - Restore a dump
tar - Read/write tape archives
cdrecord - Burn a CD
rsync - Mirror a set of files
lpr - Print files
lpq - View print queue
lprm - Remove print jobs
look - Look up spelling
aspell - Check spelling interactively
spell - Check spelling in batch
uptime - View the system load
top - Monitor processes
xload - Monitor system load
free - Display free memory
kill - Terminate processes
nice - Set process priorities
renice - Change process priorities
sleep - Wait for some time
watch - Run programs at set intervals
at - Schedule a job
crontab - Schedule repeated jobs
uname - Print system information
hostname - Print the system’s hostname
ifconfig - Set/display network information
host - Look up DNS
whois - Look up domain registrants
ping - Check if host is reachable
traceroute - View network path to a host
ssh - Securely log into remote hosts
telnet - Log into remote hosts
scp - Securely copy files between hosts
sftp - Securely copy files between hosts
ftp - Copy files between hosts
wget - Retrieve web pages to disk
mesg - Prohibit talk/write
grip - Play CDs and rip MP3s
xmms - Play audio files
cdparanoia - Rip audio
audacity - Edit audio
xcdroast - Burn CDs
logout - Logs off system
mkdir - Make a directory. Make Directory. Example: mkdir /tmp/myfiles/
rmdir - Remove Directory (rm -r to delete folders with files). Remove Directory. Example: rmdir /tmp/myfiles/
rm - Remove files. Delete a file. Example: rm /tmp/mp3files.txt
cd - Change current directory. “Change Directory”. When typed all by itself, it returns you to your home directory.
man - Shows help on a specific command
pico - Easy to use text editor to edit files. Just like vi
more - Views a file, pausing every screenful
telnet - Connect to another Internet site
ftp - Connects to a FTP site
lynx - A textual World Wide Web browser
chsh - change the shell you log into
grep - search for a string in a file
tail - Display the last few lines of a text file. Example: tail /etc/services
who - shows who is logged into the local system
w - shows who is logged on and what they're doing
df - shows disk space available on the system
du - shows how much disk space is being used up by folders
chmod - changes permissions on a file
gzip - best compression for UNIX files
zip - zip for files
tar - combines multiple files into one or vice-versa
pwd - “Print Working Directory”. Shows the current location in the directory tree.
file - Find out what kind of file it is. For example, “file /bin/ls” tells us that it is a Linux executable file.
cat - Display the contents of a text file on the screen. For example: cat mp3files.txt would display the file we created in the previous section.
head - Display the first few lines of a text file. Example: head /etc/services
cp - Copies a file from one location to another. Example: cp mp3files.txt /tmp (copies the mp3files.txt file to the /tmp directory)
mv - Moves a file to a new location, or renames it.
ps - Lists currently running process (programs).
id - Print your user-id and group id's
top - Displays CPU processes in a full-screen GUI. A great way to see the activity on your computer in real-time. Type “Q” to quit.
free - Displays amount of free and used memory in the system.
clear - Clear the screen
echo - Display text on the screen. Mostly useful when writing shell scripts. For example: echo “Hello World”
grep - Search for a pattern in a file or program output.
sort - Sort a file or program output. Example: sort mp3files.txt
nl - Display file contents with line numbers
ln - Link files
less - Page through files
od - View binary data
xxd - View binary data
gv - View Postscript/PDF files
xdvi - View TeX DVI files
emacs - Text editor
vim - Text editor
umask - Set default file protections
soffice - Edit Word/Excel/PowerPoint docs
abiword - Edit Word documents
gnumeric - Edit Excel documents
stat - Display file attributes
wc - Count bytes/words/lines
touch - Change file timestamps
chgrp - Change file group
chattr - Change advanced file attributes
lsattr - List advanced file attributes
find - Locate files
slocate - Locate files via index
which - Locate commands
whereis - Locate standard files
grep - Search text for matching lines
cut - Extract columns
paste - Append columns
tr - Translate characters
sort - Sort lines
uniq - Locate identical lines
tee - Copy stdin to a file andto stdout simultaneously
gzip - Compress files
compress - Compress files (Unix)
bzip2 - Compress files (BZip2)
zip - Compress files (Windows Zip)
diff - Compare files line by line
comm - Compare sorted files
cmp - Compare files byte by byte
md5sum - Compute checksums
df - Show free disk space
mount - Make a disk accessible
fsck - Check a disk for errors
sync - Flush disk caches
mt - Control a tape drive
dump - Back up a disk
restore - Restore a dump
tar - Read/write tape archives
cdrecord - Burn a CD
rsync - Mirror a set of files
lpr - Print files
lpq - View print queue
lprm - Remove print jobs
look - Look up spelling
aspell - Check spelling interactively
spell - Check spelling in batch
uptime - View the system load
top - Monitor processes
xload - Monitor system load
free - Display free memory
kill - Terminate processes
nice - Set process priorities
renice - Change process priorities
sleep - Wait for some time
watch - Run programs at set intervals
at - Schedule a job
crontab - Schedule repeated jobs
uname - Print system information
hostname - Print the system’s hostname
ifconfig - Set/display network information
host - Look up DNS
whois - Look up domain registrants
ping - Check if host is reachable
traceroute - View network path to a host
ssh - Securely log into remote hosts
telnet - Log into remote hosts
scp - Securely copy files between hosts
sftp - Securely copy files between hosts
ftp - Copy files between hosts
wget - Retrieve web pages to disk
mesg - Prohibit talk/write
grip - Play CDs and rip MP3s
xmms - Play audio files
cdparanoia - Rip audio
audacity - Edit audio
xcdroast - Burn CDs